During my learning process I have used the following resources to expand my knowledge of TypeScript. Whether you are just beginning to learn Angular 2, which uses tons of TypeScript, or just want to do it for fun, I hope this post will help you get started.
If you have an hour to kill, watch this video by Anders Hejlsberg.
Microsoft Technical Fellow Anders Hejlsberg explains how TypeScript, which is a typed superset of JavaScript that compiles to idiomatic (normal) JavaScript, can dramatically improve your productivity by enabling rich tooling experiences, all while maintaining your existing code and continuing to use the same JavaScript libraries you already love.
Keep up to date with the changes. Follow the official repository, now that MS has moved to Github.
TypeScript is a superset of JavaScript. All your existing JavaScript code is TypeScript. So you can get started today with your project without worrying too much.